Great Mosque of Xi’an

Visiting Information

Overview

The Great Mosque of Xi’an, also known as the Xi’an Great Mosque, is one of the oldest, largest, and best-preserved Islamic mosques in China. Located in the Muslim Quarter of Xi’an, it serves as a unique blend of traditional Chinese architecture and Islamic art, reflecting the long history of Islam in China and the cultural exchange along the Silk Road.

Historical Background

The Great Mosque of Xi’an was originally built in 742 CE during the Tang Dynasty, a period known for its openness to foreign cultures and religions. It was later expanded during the Song (960-1279), Yuan (1271-1368), Ming (1368-1644), and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. The mosque’s construction is traditionally attributed to Cheng Ho (Zheng He), the famous Muslim admiral of the Ming Dynasty, although this claim is disputed by some historians. Throughout its history, the mosque has served as a center for Islamic learning and worship, playing a crucial role in the development of Islam in China.

Architectural Features

• Fusion of Architectural Styles: The Great Mosque of Xi’an is renowned for its unique blend of traditional Chinese architectural styles with Islamic elements. Unlike mosques in other parts of the world, it features pagodas instead of domes and minarets, making it a distinctive example of Chinese-Islamic architecture.
• Layout and Courtyards: The mosque complex is laid out along an east-west axis and comprises five courtyards, each with its own specific function and architectural features. This layout follows traditional Chinese temple design, creating a serene and harmonious atmosphere.
• Prayer Hall: The main prayer hall, located in the fourth courtyard, is the largest building in the complex. It can accommodate over 1,000 worshippers and features a beautifully decorated mihrab (prayer niche) indicating the direction of Mecca.
• Intricate Carvings and Calligraphy: Throughout the mosque, visitors can admire exquisite wood carvings, stone carvings, and Arabic calligraphy. These decorative elements combine Quranic inscriptions with traditional Chinese motifs, showcasing the cultural fusion that characterizes the mosque.

Cultural Importance

The Great Mosque of Xi’an stands as a testament to the long-standing presence of Islam in China and the cultural exchange facilitated by the Silk Road. It represents the harmonious integration of Islamic faith with Chinese culture, serving as both a place of worship for the local Muslim community and a symbol of religious tolerance and cultural diversity in China. The mosque’s unique architectural style has influenced the design of other mosques in China and continues to be an important subject of study for scholars of Islamic art and Chinese architecture.

Surrounding Attractions

• Muslim Quarter: The mosque is located in the heart of Xi’an’s Muslim Quarter, a vibrant neighborhood known for its bustling streets, traditional architecture, and diverse array of halal food stalls and restaurants. Visitors can experience the unique blend of Chinese and Muslim cultures while exploring the narrow alleys and sampling local specialties.
• Bell Tower: Located a short walk from the mosque, the Bell Tower is one of Xi’an’s most recognizable landmarks. Built in 1384 during the Ming Dynasty, this impressive structure offers panoramic views of the city and houses a collection of ancient bells.
• Drum Tower: Situated near the Bell Tower, the Drum Tower was built in 1380 and served as a time-keeping center for the ancient city. Today, it houses a drum museum and offers cultural performances, providing visitors with insights into traditional Chinese music and timekeeping practices.
• City Wall: The ancient City Wall of Xi’an, one of the best-preserved city fortifications in China, is within walking distance from the mosque. Visitors can walk or cycle along the top of the wall, enjoying views of both the old and new parts of Xi’an.

Photography Opportunities

• Architectural Details: The intricate wood carvings, stone sculptures, and calligraphy throughout the mosque offer excellent opportunities for close-up and detail photography. The interplay of light and shadow on these decorative elements can create stunning images.
• Courtyard Scenes: The five courtyards of the mosque, with their ancient trees, traditional Chinese architecture, and serene atmosphere, provide picturesque settings for landscape and architectural photography.
• Prayer Hall Interior: The main prayer hall, with its ornate mihrab and spacious interior, offers unique photographic opportunities. However, visitors should be respectful and check if photography is permitted inside the prayer areas.
• Cultural Photography: The mosque and its surrounding Muslim Quarter provide excellent opportunities for street photography and capturing the daily life of Xi’an’s Muslim community, especially during prayer times or religious festivals.

Modern Importance

• Active Place of Worship: The Great Mosque of Xi’an continues to serve as an active place of worship for the local Muslim community, playing a vital role in preserving and promoting Islamic culture in Xi’an and broader China.
• Cultural Heritage Site: Recognized as a major historical and cultural site protected at the national level, the mosque is an important part of Xi’an’s rich cultural heritage. It attracts scholars, architects, and history enthusiasts from around the world, contributing to cultural exchange and understanding.
• Tourist Attraction: As one of Xi’an’s key tourist attractions, the Great Mosque plays a significant role in the city’s tourism industry. It offers visitors a unique perspective on China’s religious diversity and architectural history.
• Educational Resource: The mosque serves as an invaluable educational resource, providing insights into the history of Islam in China, the cultural exchanges along the Silk Road, and the evolution of Chinese-Islamic architecture. It is frequently included in educational tours and cultural programs.

FAQ

• What is the Great Mosque of Xi’an famous for?
  The Great Mosque of Xi’an is famous for its unique blend of Chinese and Islamic architectural styles, its long history dating back to the Tang Dynasty, and its status as one of the oldest and largest mosques in China.
• What’s inside the Great Mosque of Xi’an?
  Inside the Great Mosque of Xi’an, you’ll find five courtyards with various pavilions, a large prayer hall, beautiful gardens, and numerous examples of Chinese-Islamic art, including intricate wood carvings, stone sculptures, and Arabic calligraphy.
• Is the Great Mosque of Xi’an free?
  No, the Great Mosque of Xi’an is not free for most visitors. There is an entrance fee of 25 CNY. However, entry is free for Muslims.
• Is the Great Mosque of Xi’an worth visiting?
  Yes, the Great Mosque of Xi’an is definitely worth visiting. It offers a unique insight into the history of Islam in China, showcases beautiful architecture, and provides a peaceful retreat from the busy city. It’s particularly interesting for those interested in history, architecture, or religious studies.
• What to do in the Great Mosque of Xi’an?
  In the Great Mosque of Xi’an, you can explore the five courtyards, admire the unique Chinese-Islamic architecture, observe the prayer hall (from outside if you’re not Muslim), appreciate the intricate decorations and calligraphy, learn about the history of Islam in China, and enjoy the peaceful gardens.
• How do I get to the Great Mosque of Xi’an in the local city?
  To get to the Great Mosque of Xi’an:
  1. By Metro: Take Line 2 to Zhonglou (Bell Tower) Station and use Exit B.
  2. By Bus: Take bus 4, 7, 15, 32, 43, 201, 205, 206, 215, 218, 221, 222, 251, 300, 604, 611, 612, or K630 to Zhonglou (Bell Tower) Station.
  3. By Taxi: It’s about a 15-minute ride from Xi’an Railway Station.
• How to visit the Great Mosque of Xi’an?
  To visit the Great Mosque of Xi’an:
  1. Check the opening hours before your visit.
  2. Dress modestly out of respect for the religious site.
  3. Purchase tickets at the entrance (unless you’re Muslim, in which case entry is free).
  4. Follow the east-west axis to explore the five courtyards.
  5. Be respectful of worshippers, especially during prayer times.
  6. Note that non-Muslims may not be allowed to enter the main prayer hall.
  7. Consider hiring a guide or using an audio guide to learn more about the mosque’s history and features.
  8. Take time to appreciate the unique blend of Chinese and Islamic architectural elements.
  9. Explore the surrounding Muslim Quarter after your visit to the mosque.